A java update is available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Extras, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and 6 Supplementary
=====================================================================
Red Hat Security Advisory
Synopsis: Critical: java-1.5.0-ibm security and bug fix update
Advisory ID: RHSA-2011:0169-01
Product: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Extras
Advisory URL: https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2011-0169.html
Issue date: 2011-01-20
CVE Names: CVE-2010-3553 CVE-2010-3557 CVE-2010-3571
=====================================================================
1. Summary:
Updated java-1.5.0-ibm packages that fix multiple security issues and one
bug are now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Extras, and Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 5 and 6 Supplementary.
The Red Hat Security Response Team has rated this update as having critical
security impact. Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base scores,
which give detailed severity ratings, are available for each vulnerability
from the CVE links in the References section.
2. Relevant releases/architectures:
RHEL Desktop Supplementary (v. 5 client) - i386, x86_64
RHEL Supplementary (v. 5 server) - i386, ppc, s390x, x86_64
Red Hat Desktop version 4 Extras - i386, x86_64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS version 4 Extras - i386, ppc, s390, s390x, x86_64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop Supplementary (v. 6) - i386, x86_64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES version 4 Extras - i386, x86_64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux HPC Node Supplementary (v. 6) - x86_64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Supplementary (v. 6) - i386, ppc64, s390x, x86_64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS version 4 Extras - i386, x86_64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation Supplementary (v. 6) - i386, x86_64
3. Description:
The IBM 1.5.0 Java release includes the IBM Java 2 Runtime Environment and
the IBM Java 2 Software Development Kit.
This update fixes multiple vulnerabilities in the IBM Java 2 Runtime
Environment and the IBM Java 2 Software Development Kit. Detailed
vulnerability descriptions are linked from the IBM "Security alerts" page,
listed in the References section. (CVE-2010-3553, CVE-2010-3557,
CVE-2010-3571)
This update also fixes the following bug:
* An error in the java-1.5.0-ibm RPM spec file caused an incorrect path to
be included in HtmlConverter, preventing it from running. (BZ#659710)
All users of java-1.5.0-ibm are advised to upgrade to these updated
packages, containing the IBM 1.5.0 SR12-FP3 Java release. All running
instances of IBM Java must be restarted for this update to take effect.
4. Solution:
Before applying this update, make sure all previously-released errata
relevant to your system have been applied.
This update is available via the Red Hat Network. Details on how to
use the Red Hat Network to apply this update are available at
http://kbase.redhat.com/faq/docs/DOC-11259
5. Bugs fixed (http://bugzilla.redhat.com/):
639904 - CVE-2010-3557 OpenJDK Swing mutable static (6938813)
642167 - CVE-2010-3553 OpenJDK Swing unsafe reflection usage (6622002)
642585 - CVE-2010-3571 JDK unspecified vulnerability in 2D component
659710 - IBM Java5 files modified & Missing
6. Package List:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS version 4 Extras:
i386:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
ppc:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.ppc64.rpm
s390:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.s390.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.s390.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.s390.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.s390.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.s390.rpm
s390x:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.s390x.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.s390x.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.s390x.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.s390x.rpm
x86_64:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Desktop version 4 Extras:
i386:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
x86_64:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES version 4 Extras:
i386:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
x86_64:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS version 4 Extras:
i386:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.i386.rpm
x86_64:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el4.x86_64.rpm
RHEL Desktop Supplementary (v. 5 client):
i386:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-accessibility-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
x86_64:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-accessibility-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
RHEL Supplementary (v. 5 server):
i386:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-accessibility-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
ppc:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-accessibility-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.ppc64.rpm
s390x:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.s390.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.s390x.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-accessibility-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.s390x.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.s390.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.s390x.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.s390.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.s390x.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.s390.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.s390.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.s390x.rpm
x86_64:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-accessibility-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.i386.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop Supplementary (v. 6):
i386:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
x86_64:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux HPC Node Supplementary (v. 6):
x86_64:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Supplementary (v. 6):
i386:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
ppc64:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.ppc64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.ppc.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.ppc64.rpm
s390x:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.s390x.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.s390x.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.s390.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.s390x.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.s390.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.s390x.rpm
x86_64:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation Supplementary (v. 6):
i386:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-jdbc-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-plugin-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
x86_64:
java-1.5.0-ibm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-demo-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.i686.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-devel-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-javacomm-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
java-1.5.0-ibm-src-1.5.0.12.3-1jpp.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
These packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and
details on how to verify the signature are available from
https://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/#package
7. References:
https://www.redhat.com/security/data/cve/CVE-2010-3553.html
https://www.redhat.com/security/data/cve/CVE-2010-3557.html
https://www.redhat.com/security/data/cve/CVE-2010-3571.html
https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#critical
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/alerts/
8. Contact:
The Red Hat security contact is . More contact
details at https://www.redhat.com/security/team/contact/
Copyright 2011 Red Hat, Inc.