Howtoforge posted a guide about running TYPO3 4.6 on Nginx (LEMP) on Debian Squeeze/Ubuntu 11.10

This tutorial shows how you can install and run a TYPO3 (version 4.6) web site on a Debian Squeeze or Ubuntu 11.10 system that has nginx installed instead of Apache (LEMP = Linux + nginx (pronounced "engine x") + MySQL + PHP). The guide also covers the use of the nc_staticfilecache extension which allows TYPO3 to cache pages as complete .html files for faster delivery (increases response times for static pages by a factor of 230; it's similar to Drupal's Boost module). nginx is a HTTP server that uses much less resources than Apache and delivers pages a lot of faster, especially static files.

  Running TYPO3 4.6 On Nginx (LEMP) On Debian Squeeze/Ubuntu 11.10